Shoulder replacement surgery, also known as total shoulder arthroplasty, is a procedure designed to relieve pain and restore function in patients with severe shoulder damage. During surgery, the damaged parts of the shoulder joint are replaced with artificial components called prostheses. These components are designed to mimic the natural anatomy of the shoulder, helping patients regain comfort and mobility.
Studies show that the majority of patients experience significant pain relief and improved function within the first year after surgery, allowing many to return to activities they once avoided due to shoulder pain.
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Shoulder replacement may be recommended for patients who have ongoing shoulder pain and stiffness that interferes with daily activities or sleep and has not improved with non-surgical treatment. Common conditions that may lead to shoulder replacement include:
Osteoarthritis (wear-and-tear arthritis)
Rheumatoid arthritis
Post-traumatic arthritis following an injury
Severe or chronic rotator cuff tears
Avascular necrosis (loss of blood supply to the shoulder bone)
Complex shoulder fractures, especially in older adults
Your orthopedic specialist will evaluate your symptoms, imaging studies, and overall health to determine if shoulder replacement is appropriate.
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Anatomic Total Shoulder Replacement
This approach closely replicates the natural structure of the shoulder. The damaged ball (humeral head) is replaced with a metal component, and the socket (glenoid) is resurfaced with a durable plastic implant. Anatomic shoulder replacement is typically recommended for patients with an intact or repairable rotator cuff.
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Reverse Total Shoulder Replacement
In a reverse shoulder replacement, the positions of the ball and socket are switched. This design allows other muscles, rather than the rotator cuff, to power the shoulder. It is often recommended for patients with severe arthritis combined with an irreparable rotator cuff tear or certain fractures.
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Before surgery, your surgeon may order imaging such as a CT scan to better understand your shoulder anatomy and assist with surgical planning. Preoperative preparation may also include medical clearance, lab testing, and a discussion about anesthesia, medications, and recovery expectations.
Following pre-surgery instructions carefully helps reduce the risk of complications and supports a smoother recovery.
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After shoulder replacement surgery, your arm will typically be placed in a sling to protect the joint during early healing. Physical therapy plays a key role in restoring strength and range of motion. Recovery timelines vary, but many patients notice steady improvement over the first several months.
Your surgeon will provide personalized instructions regarding activity restrictions, incision care, medications, and follow-up visits to ensure optimal healing.
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Every patient’s condition is unique. A thorough evaluation by an orthopedic specialist is essential to determine whether shoulder replacement surgery is the right option for your needs and lifestyle.
If shoulder pain is limiting your daily activities or quality of life, schedule a consultation to discuss your symptoms, treatment options, and whether shoulder replacement may help you return to the activities you enjoy.
